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The Port of Long Beach, also known as Long Beach's Harbor Department, is the second-busiest container port in the United States, after the Port of Los Angeles, which it adjoins. Acting as a major gateway for US–Asian trade, the port occupies of land with of waterfront in the city of Long Beach, California. The Port of Long Beach is located less than two miles (3 km) southwest of downtown Long Beach and approximately south of downtown Los Angeles. The seaport generates approximately US$100 billion in trade and provides more than 316,000 jobs in Southern California.〔(presstelegram.com, A wealth of jobs at the Port of Long Beach, By Karen Robes Meeks, Long Beach Press Telegram, 02/02/14 )〕 ==Early history (1911–1960s)== San Pedro Breakwater was started in 1899 and over time was expanded to protect Port of Long Beach. The Port of Long Beach was founded on of mudflats on June 24, 1911, at the mouth of the Los Angeles River. In 1917, the first Board of Harbor Commissioners was formed to supervise harbor operations. Due to the booming economy, Long Beach voters approved a $5 million bond to improve the inner and outer harbor in 1924.〔(presstelegram.com, The Press & The Port, By Rich Archbold, 02/25/11 )〕 By 1926 more than one million tons of cargo were handled, and additional piers were constructed to accommodate the growing business.〔(metrans.org, METRANS Transportation Center, U.S. West Coast Ports Timeline )〕 The old Municipal Pier was rebuilt into the Municipal Wharf in 1925. In 1925 construction started on Pier A and Pier B, with opening of Pier A in 1930.〔(gazettes.com, Port History: From Swamp To International Trade Hub, By Jonathan Van Dyke, June 22, 2011 )〕 In 1921, oil was discovered at the Long Beach Oil Field on and around Signal Hill. In 1932, the fourth-largest oil field in the United States, Wilmington Oil Field, was discovered; much of this field was underneath Long Beach and the harbor area itself. The hundreds of oil wells from Wilmington Oil Field provided oil revenues to the City and Port of Long Beach. The first offshore oil well in the harbor was brought online in 1937, shortly after the discovery that the oil field far extended into the harbor. In the mid-1930s, the port was expanded, largely due to the need to transport oil to foreign markets, as the immense output of oil from the Los Angeles Basin caused a glut in US markets.〔LSA Associates, Inc. Sports Park Draft Environmental Impact Report — DEIR. Submitted to the City of Long Beach, California, USA, 2004. p. 4.6–6.〕 The extraction of hundreds of millions of barrels of oil caused concern for subsidence, as the overlying land collapsed into the empty space over time.〔(NASA.gov page discussing subsidence at Long Beach, California ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, USA.〕 Engineers and geologists were promptly assigned to the problem, building dikes for flood control at high tide. On July 3, 1930 the Federal River and Harbor Act authorizes expanding the San Pedro Bay breakwater by 3.5-mile completed in 1949. Long Beach became a home port for the The United States Navy's Pacific Fleet in 1932. In 1940 the navy purchased 105 acres on Terminal Island built the Long Beach Naval Shipyard there. In 1946, after World War II, the Port of Long Beach was established as "America’s most modern port" with the completion of the first of nine clear-span transit sheds.〔The Port of Long Beach, By Michael D. White, page 47〕 Pier E was completed and Pier B was expanded to two times its size in 1949. Pierpoint Landing completed on Pier F in 1948, becoming a large sport fishing spot. Concerns regarding subsidence increased until Operation "Big Squirt," a water injection program, halted any progression of sinking land in 1960.〔The Port of Long Beach, By Michael D. White, page 89〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Port of Long Beach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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